Edward OF SCOTLAND

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Edward died November 16, 1093, slain with his father near Alnwick.

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Malcolm III, grandson of Malcolm II., King of Scotland, called Canmore (Caen Mor, or great head) because of the large size of his head, was born in 1024, before his father was called to the throne, and he became king at the time of his victory over Macbeth in 1039, remaining so until his death in 1093. He was buried at Icelmkill. He married about 1059 (1) Ingibiorg, and about 1069 (2) Margaret (St. Margaret), daughter of Edward the Exile (Etheling). Margaret died in Edinburgh Castle of grief at the death of her husband, November 16, 1093, and was buried at Dumfermline. In 1250 Margaret was declared a saint and on June 19, 1259 her body was taken from the original stone coffin and placed in a shrine of pinewood set with gold and precious stones near the high altar. In Scotland the grace cup is called St. Margaret's blessing. When Scotland became Protestant the remains of St. Margaret and her husband, Malcolm III., were carried to Spain and placed in the Escorial, built in her honor by King Philip II, of Spain. There was issue by the first marriage with Ingibiorg.

Malcolm married St. Margaret OF WESSEX in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "the Atheling" OF ENGLAND and Agafia OF HUNGARY) was born about 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburg Castle, Edinburg, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet]

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Margaret, The Saint (St. Margaret of Scotland), sole heiress of the Saxon royal line, married Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland, descended from a long line of Scottish royalty. See the Scottish lineage elsewhere in Volume I. She died in 1093.

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Duncan I. (Maldred), King of Scotland, was slain by his cousin, Macbeth, local chief of Moray in 1041. One source puts his death on August 14, 1040. He was also the King of Strathclyde. He married about 1030, a cousin (some say the sister) of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. Wurts records that he married Algitha, daughter of Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland and his wife, Elgifu, daughter of King Ethelred II.

Duncan married Alfaed SIBYLLA OF NORTHUMBRIA about 1030. Alfaed (daughter of Sigurd BIOMSSON, Danish Earl of Northumbria and Aefflaed OF BERNICIA) was born in in Scotland. [Group Sheet]

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Edward the Exile (Outlaw) (Atheling) fled the country and lived at the court of Hungary until recalled by his father's half-brother, Edward the Confessor. He was never crowned king, as he died in London immediately after his return in 1057, and was buried at St. Paul's Cathedral. While on the continent, he married Agatha of Hungary, daughter of Emperor Henry II. of Germany (Bruno of Germany). Edward was the founder of the House of Burgoyne.

Edward married Agafia OF HUNGARY in Kiev. Agafia (daughter of Yaroslav I "the Wise" of Novgorod of Kiev and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden) was born about 1021 in Braunschweig, Prussia; died about 1068 in Scotland. [Group Sheet]

Crinan married Princess Berthoc OF SCOTLAND, Heiress of Scone. Berthoc (daughter of Malcolm II KING OF SCOTLAND and Sigurd OF SCOTLAND) was born about 984 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland; and died. [Group Sheet]

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Beatrice was the eldest daughter of Malcolm II, married Crinan the Thane, Lord of the Isles, hereditary Abbot of Dunkeld, born in 975, died in 1045. She was the aunt of Macbeth. They had a son, Duncan.

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Siward led Malcolm's army as it advanced on Scotland by land and by sea. Siward was a Northumberland-Danish warlord. The English met little resistance from the Scots in the lowlands and were confronted by Macbeth just outside Scone, the Scottish capital. The "Annals of Ulstar" maintain that 3,000 Scots were killed and 1,500 English and Danes slain. Still, it was far from a vistory and Siward had to withdraw his troops from Scotland, Malcom having to be content with lordship over Cumbria. the next year, Siward died and in 1057 Malcom alone had to lead the battle against Macbeth.

Sigurd married Aefflaed OF BERNICIA. Aefflaed (daughter of Ealdred OF BERNICIA) was born about 997 in Bernicia, Northumbria, England; and died. [Group Sheet]

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Edmund II., Ironsides, was born in 989 and succeeded his father in April 1016. In this year he fought six battles, but through treachery he was completely overthrown at Assandun, in Essex. He and Canute the Dane agreed to divide the kingdom. He was chosen king of England by the Londoners on his father's death, April, 1016, while Canute was elected at Southampton by the Witan. Edmund hastily levied an army in the west, defeated Canute twice, raised the siege of London, and again routed the Danes. Levying a fresh army, he defeated them at Otford, his last victory. At Ashingdon in Essex, after a desperate fight, he was routed. By compromise with Canute, the latter retained Mercia and Northumbria, Edmund all the south and the headship, the survivor to succeed to the whole. A few weeks later Edmund died, in 1016, and Canute became King of England without a rival. It is said that the traitorous Edric Streona perhaps murdered Edmund on November 30, 1016, shortly after peace was made. Edmund II. married Ealgyth (Algitha), widow of Sigefrith the Dane. She died in 1014.

Edmund married Ealdgyth OF ENGLAND in 1015 in Malmsbury, Wiltshire, England. Ealdgyth (daughter of Mocar HIGH REVE OF WESSEX and Edgitha OF MERCIA) was born about 986 in East Anglia, Wessex, England; and died. [Group Sheet]

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Birth:
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Yaroslav married Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden in 1019. Ingegerd was born in 1001 in Sigtuna, Sweden; died on 10 Feb 1050. [Group Sheet]

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Malcolm II., born about 980, died November 25, 1034. He succeeded to the throne in 1003, and had a troubled reign of about thirty years. He defeated Kenneth IV., at Monievaird in Strathearn, and in consequence became king. His annoyance came from the Danes who, in previous reigns, had made several attempts to effect a settlement in Scotland, but had been defeated in all of them. They had secured a firm footing in England, and the year after Malcolm's accession to the throne, they commenced the most formidable preparations, under their celebrated king, Sweyn, for a new expedition to the Scottish coasts. Malcolm finally defeated this initial invasion in 1010. There was a second attempt made to gain a foothold in Northern England, but it too was defeated. In 1014, another Danish force landed on the coast of Buchan. The Danes on this occasion were led by Sweyn's celebrated son, Canute, afterwards King of England and Denmark, and again they experienced a signal overthrow. A treaty was drawn up which stipulated that the Danes agreed to quit every part of the Scottish coasts, and this was followed by the final departure, the same year, of these invaders from Scotland. Malcolm was next engaged in war with the Northumbrians, and, having in 1018, led his army to Carham, near Werk, on the south bank of the Tweed River, he was met there by Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland, when a desperate battle took place. The victory was claimed by Uchtred, who was, soon after, assassinated, when on his way to pay his obeisance to the great Canute. He killed Kenneth III., son of Dub. He had no sons. Having succeeded as King of Alba in 1005, Malcolm II. secured Lothian by the battle of Carham about 1016 and about the same time obtained Strathclyde for his grandson, Duncan, thus forming the kingdom of Scotland.

Malcolm married Sigurd OF SCOTLAND. Sigurd was born about 985; and died. [Group Sheet]

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He was the Earl of the Midlands. He was murdered in 1049 by Sweyn, son of Earl Godwine.

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Ethelred II., the Unready was born in 968, a boy of ten when he became king in 978. He died April 23, 1016 in London, reigning for thirty-eight years from 979 to 1016. He was the last of the Boy Kings. The epitaph "The Unready" which is usually assigned to him is a misrepresentation of a word which properly means the Rede-less, the man without counsel. He was entirely without the qualities which befit a king. He married in 984 (1) Elfflaed (Elgifa) (Aelfgifu), daughter of Earl Thorad.

Ethelred married Elfflaed OF ENGLAND in 985 in Wessex, England. Elfflaed (daughter of Aethelbert GUNNARSSON and Hilda) was born about 963 in Wessex, England; died in Feb 1002 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Mocar married Edgitha OF MERCIA. [Group Sheet]

Vladimir married Rogneda of Polotsk, (Ragnhild, Anastasia) about 980. Rogneda (daughter of Prince Ragnvald Olafsson, of Polotsk) was born in 962; died in 1002. [Group Sheet]

Kenneth married Princess of LEINSTER. [Group Sheet]

Ulf married Estrith Svendsdatter OF DENMARK in 1018. Estrith (daughter of Sweyn I 'Forkbeard' Haraldsson KING OF DENMARK and Sigrid 'the Haughty' Storrade OF SWEDEN) was born about 967 in Denmark; died after 9 May 1032; was buried in Roskilde, Denmark. [Group Sheet]

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Edgar, the Peaceful, the fourth Boy King, was born in 943 and died July 8, 975. He reigned from 959 to 975. It is recorded that Edgar, while keeping his court at Chester, was rowed down the River Dee, the oars manned by eight kings of neighboring tributary states. The story, though probably untrue, sets forth his power not only over his own immediate subjects, but over the whole island. He had a well-trained army and a strong navy and his title shows that at least he lived on good terms with his neighbors. He married (1) Aethelflaed, and (2) Elfrida (Aelfthryth) of Devon, daughter of Ordgar, Earl of Devonshire, and widow of Ethelwold.

Edgar married Elfrida OF ENGLAND in 965. Elfrida (daughter of Ordgar EALDORMAN OF DEVONSHIRE) was born about 945 in Lynford Castle, Devonshire, England; died on 17 Oct 1000 in Wherwell, Hampshire, England; was buried in Wilton Abbey, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet]

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Crowned and annointed as Queen of the Kingdom of England. Died a nun at Wherwell Abbey 17 November between 999-1001.

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Married:
married 964 or 865

Aethelbert married Hilda. [Group Sheet]

Aelfgar married Elfgifu. Elfgifu (daughter of Ethelred II 'the Unready' KING OF ENGLAND and Elgiva OF WESSEX) was born about 997; and died. [Group Sheet]

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Malcolm I, who died in 958, King of Scotland 943, acquired Cumbria 945 from Edmund, the Saxon king of England. On the abdication of Constantine III., Malcolm succeeded to the throne in 944. In 945, Edmund, the Saxon king of England, ceded Cumberland and part of Westmoreland to him, on condition that he would defend that northern territory, and become the ally of England. Edred, the brother and successor of Edmund, accordingly applied for, and obtained the aid of Malcolm against Anlaf, King of Northumberland, which latter country he wasted, and carried off the inhabitants with their cattle. In the time of Malcolm I., the people of the province of Moray, in the northeast of Scotland, were a mixed race, formed of Scandinavian settlers, with Scottish and Pictish Celts. Turbulent and rebellious, they were continually at war with the sovereign, and an insurrection having occurred under Cellach, maormer of Garmorgan, Malcolm marched north to reduce them to obedience. He killed Cellach, but was, some time thereafter, assassinated in 953 at Ulurn after a reign of nine years. He was succeeded by Indulph, the son of Constantine II., and Indulph had as his successor, Duff, the son of Malcolm, who ascended the throne in 961. Malcolm I.

Malcolm married Unknown Mac Donald of SCOTLAND. Unknown (daughter of Donald II OF ALBA SCOTLAND) was born about 901; and died. [Group Sheet]

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Swengen ruled as King of Denmark from 991 until his death at Gainsborough, England in 1014, when he was on one of his annual raiding expeditions to that county.

Sweyn married Sigrid 'the Haughty' Storrade OF SWEDEN about 994. Sigrid (daughter of Mieszko I OF POLAND and Dubrawka) was born in 967 in Sweden; died in 1014. [Group Sheet]

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Edmund I., the Magnificent. was born in 922, the twelfth of his father's fifteen children. The first of the six Boy Kings, he reigned from 939 to 946. He had to meet a general uprising of the Danes of Mercia as well as those of the North. In te suppression of this he showed himself to be a great statesman as well as a great warrior. Little is definitely known about the policy of the Scots at this time but it appears that they joined the English whenever they were afraid of the Danes, and joined the Danes whenever they were afraid of the English. Edmund made it to be the interest of the Scottish King permanently to join the English. The southern part of the kingdom of Strathclyde had for some time been under the English Kings. In 945 Edmund took the remainder, but gave it to Malcolm on condition that he should be his fellow worker by sea and land. The king of the Scots thus entered into a position of dependent alliance towards Edmund. A great step was thus taken; the dominant powers in the island were to be English and Scots, not English and Danes. Edmund thought it worth while to conciliate the Scottish Celts rather than to endeavor to conquer them. The result of Edmund's statesmanship was soon seen, but he did not live to gather its fruits. On May 26, 946 an outlaw named Lief, who had taken his seat at a banquet in his hall, slew him as Edmund was attempting to drag him out by his hair. He was succeeded by his brother Edred. He married Princess Elgiva (Aelfgifu)., known as the "Fairies Gift,." who died in 944.

Edmund married Aelfgifu 'the Fairies Gift' OF ENGLAND. Aelfgifu (daughter of Sigehelm I EALDORMAN OF KENT) was born about 924 in Wessex, England; died about 944 in Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset, England. [Group Sheet]

Leofric married Lady Godgifu OF MERCIA in 1016 in Norfolk, England. Godgifu was born in 997; died on 10 Sep 1067. [Group Sheet]

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Birth:
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Ethelred II., the Unready was born in 968, a boy of ten when he became king in 978. He died April 23, 1016 in London, reigning for thirty-eight years from 979 to 1016. He was the last of the Boy Kings. The epitaph "The Unready" which is usually assigned to him is a misrepresentation of a word which properly means the Rede-less, the man without counsel. He was entirely without the qualities which befit a king. He married in 984 (1) Elfflaed (Elgifa) (Aelfgifu), daughter of Earl Thorad.

Ethelred married Elgiva OF WESSEX. Elgiva (daughter of Thored Gunnarsson OF WESSEX) was born about 968; and died. [Group Sheet]

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Harold II "Blaatand" (Bluetooth), King of Denmark, King of Norway founded the Jomsborg Viking colony and established Christianity in Denmark. He was surnamed "the Old" because of the length of his reign--58 years. He was the first Christian king of Denmark, 931-979.

Harold married Gunhilda OF SWEDEN. Gunhilda was born about 925; and died. [Group Sheet]

Mieszko married Dubrawka. [Group Sheet]

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Edward I., the Elder , "the Unconquerored King," was born about 870 and died about 924. He reigned 24 years from 900 to 924. He was not, like his father, a legislator or a scholar, although it is said that he founded the University of Cambridge, but he was great warrior. He gradually extended his sway over the whole island, in which project he was assisted by his sister the "Lady of Mercia" who headed her own troops and gained victories over both the Danes and Britons. Tradition assigns to Edward an even wider rule shortly before his death. In the middle of the ninth century the Picts and the Scots had been amalgamated under Kenneth MacAlpin, the King of the Scots, just as Mercia and Wessex were being welded together by the attacks of the Danes. It is said that in 925 the King of the Scots, together with other northern rulers, chose Edward "to father and lord." Probably this statement only covers some act of alliance formed by the English King with King of Scots and other lesser rulers. Nothing was more natural than that of the Scottish King, Constantine, should wish to obtain the support of Edward against his enemies; and it is natural that if Edward agreed to support him he would require some acknowledgment of the superiority of the English King. After a prosperous reign, King Edward died in Forndon, Northamptonshire in 925. He married (3) Lady Edgiva (Edgina), daughter of Earl Sigelline (Sigilline), Earl of Meapham. He succeeded his father about 901, and raised the supremacy of Wessex into something little short of an imperial authority, extending his sway over Mercia, East Anglia, and Northumbria.

Edward married Eadgifu OF ENGLAND in 919. Eadgifu (daughter of Sigeheim EALDORMAN OF KENT) was born about 890 in Kent, England; died on 25 Aug 968. [Group Sheet]

Leofwine married Alwara OF MERCIA. Alwara (daughter of Aethelstan OF MERCIA) was born about 955; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Edgar, the Peaceful, the fourth Boy King, was born in 943 and died July 8, 975. He reigned from 959 to 975. It is recorded that Edgar, while keeping his court at Chester, was rowed down the River Dee, the oars manned by eight kings of neighboring tributary states. The story, though probably untrue, sets forth his power not only over his own immediate subjects, but over the whole island. He had a well-trained army and a strong navy and his title shows that at least he lived on good terms with his neighbors. He married (1) Aethelflaed, and (2) Elfrida (Aelfthryth) of Devon, daughter of Ordgar, Earl of Devonshire, and widow of Ethelwold.

Edgar married Elfrida OF ENGLAND in 965. Elfrida (daughter of Ordgar EALDORMAN OF DEVONSHIRE) was born about 945 in Lynford Castle, Devonshire, England; died on 17 Oct 1000 in Wherwell, Hampshire, England; was buried in Wilton Abbey, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Crowned and annointed as Queen of the Kingdom of England. Died a nun at Wherwell Abbey 17 November between 999-1001.

Notes:

Married:
married 964 or 865